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Background Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a serious air pollutant associated with elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory indicator. Objective To assess the potential impacts of long-term exposure to PM2.5 on CRP levels based on previous epidemiological studies. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were searched to screen the cohort studies published from January 1, 2000 to January 1, 2022 on the effects of long-term exposure to PM2.5 on CRP levels. "Fine Particulate Matter", "PM2.5", "Particulate Air Pollutants", "Ambient Particulate Matter", "CRP", "C-reactive Protein", and "High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein" in English or Chinese were the key words used in the search. The percentage change in CRP level per 10 μg·m−3 increase in PM2.5 concentration in each study was extracted, followed by meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis. Results A total of 1241 articles were retrieved, and 7 articles were included. Random-effects models were used to merge the included data, and it was found that the percentage of CRP level increased by 10.41% (95%CI: 2.24%-18.57%, P<0.05), when PM2.5 concentration increased by 10 μg·m−3, І2=84.2%. The subgroup analysis conducted with grouping based on the annual mean concentration of PM2.5 long-term exposure showed that the intra-group heterogeneity was significantly reduced in the <15 μg·m−3 and the 15- μg·m−3 groups, and the subgroup forest analysis showed differences between the two groups. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that there was a high degree of heterogeneity among the 7 studies, and the 2 papers with the highest annual average PM2.5 concentration were the sources of heterogeneity. The Egger test and the funnel plot indicated that no obvious publication bias was found. Conclusion Long-term exposure to PM2.5 can raise levels of CRP in human body.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore biomarkers for early auxiliary diagnosis of pneumoconiosis in coal workers(CWP) and its clinical significance. METHODS: Sixty-nine male coal miners exposed to dust were selected as control group, and sixty-seven CWP male patients were chosen as CWP group by purposive sampling method. Serum samples were collected from subjects of the two groups. The levels of malonaldehyde(MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were determined by colorimetric method. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the level of interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α). The acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity was determined by modified Ellman method. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of CWP. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was established to analyze the sensitive indicators in the pathogenesis of CWP. RESULTS: The serum SOD activity decreased(median: 65.1 vs 59.2 kU/L, P<0.05), and the MDA, IL-6 and TNF-α levels increased in the CWP group(median: 4.92 vs 6.68 μmol/L, 129.82 vs 163.18 ng/L, 63.90 vs 70.93 ng/L, P<0.05) compared with the control group. The logistic regression analysis results showed that AChE was the protective factor of CWP, while age, chronic respiratory symptoms, IL-6 and MDA were the risk factors of CWP(P<0.05). The ROC curve showed that IL-6 and MDA can be used as early indicators for the diagnosis of CWP in dust-exposed workers. CONCLUSION: The serum IL-6 and MDA levels can be used as biomarkers for early auxiliary diagnosis of CWP.
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Objective To evaluated the effect of oral administration of riboflavin combined with pulsed and continuous light accelerated scleral cross-linking on the histological and biomechanical properties of sclera in a guinea pig model to control the progression of myopia.Methods Thirty 4-week-old guinea pigs were divided into 5 groups,or the control group,non cross-linking group,conventional cross-linking group,pulse light cross-linking group and continuous light cross-linking group with 6 guinea pigs in each group.Three cross-linking groups were administered 0.1％ riboflavin solution with vitamin C by gavage from 3 days before modeling to modeling process.The conventional cross-linking group underwent cross-linking with 1 hour of (ultraviolet A (UVA) exposure at 0.67 mW/cm2,the pulse light cross-linking group received a pulsed-light accelerated crosslinking for 8 minuctes (1 second on/1 second off) of UVA exposure at 10 mW/cm2,and the continuous light accelerated cross-linking group was crosslinked with continuous-light accelerated crosslinking at 10 mW/cm2 for 4 minuctes.The same procedure was conducted on the non cross-linking group without UVA irradiation and 0.1％ riboflavin solution before modeling and modeling process.No any intervene was carried out in the control group.Retinoscopy and the axial length measurement were performed before and after experiment.The animals were euthanized 2 weeks after experiment and then biomechanical and histopathological examinations of scleras were conducted.The use and care of the animals complied with Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results Myopia models were established with an increased axial length and myopic diopter 2 weeks after myopic modeling process.Axial length in the non cross-linking group was longer than that of the control group at 2 weeks,with a siginificant difference between them (P＜0.01).The myopic Diopter in the non cross-linking groupwas significantly increased in comprasion with the control group at 2 weeks (P＜0.01).Compared with myopic eyes in the non cross-linking groups,axial length,diopter and strain assessment values were decreased significantly in three scleral cross-linking groups (all at P＜0.01).The sclera ultimate load and stress assessment in the conventinal cross-lingking group,pulse light cross-linking group,continuous light cross-linking group were significantly higher than those in the non-cross-linking group Max stress:[2.20±0.03],[2.67±0.05],[2.41±0.04] Mpa vs.[1.30±0.02] Mpa;Max load:[1.92±0.03],[2.33 ±0.28],[1.91 ±0.03] P vs.[1.54±0.06] P) (all at P＜0.01).Collagenous tissue of the scleras in the pulse light cross-linking group and continious ligh cross-linking group was similar in appearance to the control group.In addition,MMP2 expression of pulse light cross-linking group and continuous light cross-linking group was significantly increased,and TIMP-2 expression showed a reduce.Conclusions Pulsed and continuous light accelerated scleral cross-linking using oral administration of riboflavin and riboflavin UVA irradiation can effectively prevent the myopia development by increasing scleral biomechanical strength in guinea pig.
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Microfluidics deals with the manipulation of fluidics in the structure with dimensions of micrometers or nanometers. As an emerging field, microfluidics has numerous advantages, such as controllable fluid flow and reduced reagents consumption. Recently, microfluidic has been applied into the area of cell transfection, providing opportunities to investigate cell transfection process on microscale. This review summarizes recent technical development of cell transfection based on microfluidics, including transfeceted microarray, transfecetion established in miniaturization flowing space, microdrops, microinjection and microfluidic electroporation. The factors that affect the transfection efficiency and improvement approaches are also discussed.
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Electroporation , Microfluidic Analytical Techniques , Miniaturization , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , TransfectionABSTRACT
Objective To summarize the experience of modified mini-cholecystectomy. Methods A total of 128 patients underwent mini-cholecystectomy by using a modified Bookwalter retractor, a self-made deep-site tying tool and an L-shape electrotome from September 1998 to June 2003. Results That the length of incision ≤ 6 cm was regarded as a surgical success. Out of the 128 patients, the surgical success was achieved in 110 patients (85 9%). Conclusions In mini-cholecystectomy, the use of the modified Bookwalter retractor greatly improves the visualization of operation field, and the use of the self-made tying tool facilitates deep-site manual knot tying.